Question 2 Redo

Audiences are changing the way in which they want to consume - for example home cinema and downloads versus costly cinema. Identify trends by referring to our own experience.

Ever since the introduction of public cinemas, watching movies has been a very popular form of entertainment in society. However, since the introduction of other, arguably more efficient ways of watching movies, such as through DVD, Blu-Ray, Sky Box Office and internet-based companies such as Netflix and LoveFilm, audiences have changed the ways in which they wish to consume a movie. In this essay, I will be talking about what has specifically changed, encouraged or persuaded the minds of consumers in terms of how they view their films, and the effects that these changed have had on the distributors.

In modern society whenever a new film comes out trailers and promotions are released through advertisements, usually via the internet on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter or YouTube, or just through advert breaks in between television programmes. However, before the invention of the internet and the television, around the late 1800's and early 1900's, films were advertised through newspapers and other forms of written communication, so they were far less viewed. My own personal cinema experiences as a whole have all been enjoyable, due to the largeness of the screen and the ability to share the events that occur in the movie with an entire room of people, (e.g, if it was sad, scary or funny). The cinema is also beneficial in terms of how soon a consumer is able to view a film, due to the fact that movies come out in cinemas before anywhere else.

The invention of DVD, Blu-Ray and Sky Box Office has effected the rates of cinema viewings to a great extent, however. Whilst it used to be that a consumer may only view a film at the cinema at the time it is being shown, with the invention of DVD, Blu-Ray and Sky Box Office, it is possible to see a movie after it has finished premiering in the cinema. However, there is a disadvantage to using such forms of exhibition. This disadvantage is that the release of a film on DVD, Blu-Ray and Sky Box Office after it has been viewed in the cinema is after a gap of around 4-6 months. This disadvantage is most likely one of the main reasons in terms of why cinemas are as popular as they are in modern society. Another disadvantage is that on these other forms of watching movies, a large screen is not available, it is up to the consumer to have a screen to watch their film on. Blu-Ray films would also require specific television types in order to play in their high definition, otherwise it is the same quality as a DVD. Also, Sky Box Office requires the consumer to sign up with Sky, which could be seen as spending a lot of money.

The internet has also had a large effect on how popular the modern cinema is, with the creation of websites such as Netflix and LoveFilm. Like Sky Box Office, these forms of watching movies require a subscription in which the consumer must a set amount of money every month or year, which can be seen as a disadvantage towards the consumer. However, these websites include a large variety of movies, and visits to the cinema would tend to only include the viewing of one specific movie, so these websites can be seen to have had a bit of an advantage. Also, the exchanging of money for the movie could be argued to be easier through paying online rather than physically using money to buy a film ticket.

To conclude, the cinema experience has both advantages and disadvantages, as well as the other forms of watching films (DVD's, Blu-Ray, Sky Box Office, Netflix and LoveFilm), and both distributors and consumers are at advantages and disadvantages because of this. However, I believe that as more and more ways of watching films outside of the cinema are being created, the cinema is being viewed as less and less important (especially considering the size TV sets can come in now, one of the advantages of going to the cinema could be argued to have now been taken out of the equation).

Representation of Regional Identity 2

Regional identity is portrayed in a number of ways in the Doc Martin Clip through use of camera work, sound, editing and mise-en-scéne. The first way in which regional identity is shown is through the use of costumes. Throughout the clip, the people of the village all seem to wear very informal clothing, such as boiler suits, whereas Doc Martin is wearing a very formal blue suit. This helps us to understand that Doc Martin is not used to wearing informal clothing, even in an environment where it is seen as normal to, and seen as abnormal to wear a formal suit. Also, those with formal clothing also tend to be higher class than those with informal clothing, giving the audience an idea as to what background Doc Martin is used to.

A second way in which regional identity is shown to the audience is through the use of décor. The fact that there is a broken sink suggests that the houses are not very well put together, (which is then emphasised through the fact that the sink starts to spray water everywhere). The fact that Doc Martin seems surprised at the trouble with the sink suggests that he is not used to things breaking in such a manner, indicating that where he is from is quite unlike where he is now.

Body language also plays an important role in showing how relaxed the people of the village are. One of the plumbers is slumped in his chair when he is supposed to be working, suggesting that the people of the village are very laid-back and are not required to work very hard. Doc Martin, however, is used to presenting himself in a smart way, so he stands up and walks in a very grand manner, which clashes with the way the people of the village stand and walk.

The next way in which regional identity is represented in the clip from Doc Martin is through the use of sound. Diegetic sounds can be heard (sounds in which both the characters and the audience can hear) whenever Doc Martin is outside. Seagulls are commonly associated with the beach, and therefore the country, allowing the fact that the setting is in a country village to be reinforced into the minds of the audience without directly telling them constantly, through use of dialogue. Another example is the loud barking of the dog, which is used to show chaos within the home, and adds to the stress of Doc Martin due to its loudness. Non diegetic sounds are also used (sounds in which only the audience can hear). An example of a non diegetic sound is the soundtrack. When Doc Martin is walking the dog through the village, quite a snobbish piece of music is played over the top, which suggests that he thinks himself above the village.

Dialogue plays an imperative part in the representation of regional identity. The village appears to have their own words and vocabulary to use in certain situations that Doc Martin is unaware of, so he must ask some inhabitants of the village what particular words mean. This is to remind the audience that Doc Martin is not used to the environment of the country, and seems to be confused as to why he doesn't understand a certain word. Another way dialogue is used to portray Doc Martin's lack of knowledge about the countryside and the people that live there is when the woman convinces him to sign her a prescription in a few words (when, to begin with, he was adamant that he set himself up and got used to the village first). This suggests that the people of the village are clever, and might have the belief that they are more intelligent than Doc Martin (due to the fact that they can persuade him so easily). However, Doc Martin seems to hold the belief that he is above the people of the country, for example, in the line "you can get out of here or go and find a mop and figure out how to use it". Also, Doc Martin is very well spoken compared to the inhabitants of the village, who speak with what would be described as a stereotypical farmer's accent (southern accent).

An example of an editing technique that worked effectively was during the scene with the broken sink. Many angles are shown of each character in the room in a short amount of time, even introducing a dog that enters the house. This is effective, for it gives the situation quite a chaotic feel to it, but only from the Doctor's point of view, due to everyone else in the room apparently remaining calm about the problem. Also, the fact that the Doctor was standing above the two plumbers, and then within a few fast shots he is below both of them, panicking, shows that when faced with a situation that the people of the country may not be particularly bothered by, he reacts strongly. This difference indicates that the urban norms are less use to malfunctions such as this, which those from rural areas may face on a daily basis. A jump cut is used to end this scene and introduce a new one, which also introduces more of the setting.

Setting is also very important when trying to show regional identity. The village is shown to have quite small establishments, such as the police station. The fact that it is small is further emphasised through the struggle Doc Martin has with actually entering the building (the entrance is very narrow). In the police station, a hoover is a prop used by a policeman who appears to have nothing else to do except clean, which could be interpreted as suggesting that there is a severe lack of crime within the small village.

Finally, camera angles are used to represent regional identity in a manner of different ways. At the very beginning of the clip, a low angle of the three men in the room is shown. It could be argued that this shot was used to allow the audience to interpret who is of higher status, due to being psychically higher up. In this instance, the Doctor is the highest, followed by the older plumber, and then the plumbers son. A tracking shot of Doc Martin is used when he is walking the dog to the police station, which is effective, for it shows a vast amount of the village as he walks through it, allowing the audience, again, to see how odd Doc Martin's suit and behaviourisms look in this environment. When talking to the plumbers, a high angle of the man slumped in the chair is used to perhaps show inferiority due to where he lives, and a low angle of Doc Martin is used to show his authority due to where he is from being perceived as better, or of higher status than the country. Similarly, a low angle is shown of the policeman to show his authority, and a high angle is shown of the dog to show its inferiority to Doc Martin (which is further emphasised by the fact that it backs away from the camera). Also, the shot of the woman and the Doctor discussing the description is quite long, which allows the audience to yet again see more of the environment, hear more diegetic sounds and see how relaxed the village is compared to what the Doctor is most likely used to.

List

Mise-en Scéne:
Props
Lighting
Body Language
Costume/Make-up
Decor

Sound:
Dialogue
Diegetic/Non Diegetic
Music

Editing:
Fade
Dissolve (shows relation between scenes)
Cut (Shows different scene)

Camera Work:

Camera Angles (e.g Low Angle, High Angle, Close Up)
Shot Types (E.g Establishing Shot, Tracking Shot)
Zooming

Representation of Ability/Disability Analysis

There are many ways in which ability and disability are represented to the audience in this A Touch Of Frost clip. The first recognisable sign that is shown is the slurred speech by Billy when he has been tackled to the ground by the police. He says "I haven't done anything wrong" in a way that suggests he has some form of speech disability, for it is not entirely clear. Also, a low angle shot of Billy was used to show him being overpowered by the policeman. This shot could suggest that someone with no disability can overpower someone with a disability, physically at least. The music used could also be seen as quite mysterious music, which suggests that we are supposed to not know what Billy has been doing or what he is doing now.

A panning shot is then used after the titles to show the vast amount of people that have turned up at Billy's house. This could be to show concern towards what has happened, perhaps indicating that the neighbours view Billy as someone they want to look after, or want to be safe specifically, due to his disability. Guards are also shown, however, which could indicate that Billy is somewhat of a threat to the public, and mustn't be allowed to leave the house until those without disability allow him to. This could also show a sense of empowerment over the disabled.

During a conversation with Billy's father, the detective asks the father if Billy is 'mentally subnormal', as if he is trying to avoid words like 'handicapped' or 'disabled'. This is to either show that the detective does not want to offend anyone in any particular way by saying what might be the wrong words, or he might be represented as being ignorant about such terms, indicating that those who are abled bodied do not pay much attention to the disabled, or what it is preferred to refer to them as.

The detective then proceeds to ask the father to come in with him in case he 'breaks the rules', suggesting that disabled people require careful treatment, going as far as to say that there are in fact rules to go by. The mother is then introduced by stating that she'd rather clean Billy up before the interrogation so he would feel better, suggesting that the disabled need assistance from the abled in order to make them feel better. Also, the tone the mother is using is such a tone that would suggest that Billy is a child, not a young adult, therefore suggesting that even the parents of the disabled treat them differently to how he would have been treated had he not had a disability.

This representation of the disabled being child-like is reinforced in the next scene, where his father talks to him in a patronising tone, telling him that no one has said he has done anything, despite the fact he has been tackled to the ground and is being interrogated. This is an attempt to calm Billy down, which could suggest that the abled try and keep the disabled happy, even going to the extent to exaggerate or lie to them, indicating that the abled view the disabled as not likely to catch on. Also, from this point onwards, Billy is being shown from a high angle, which is typically used to show inferiority, or authority from someone's point of view.

A shot of Billy tilting his head to his side is then shown. When a child is confused, they tilt their head, so the way in which this has been written to make Billy tilt his head could suggest that Billy is, yet again, like a child due to his disability. The detective then tells Billy that the policemen 'must've frightened' him, to which Billy replies 'I was frightened', as if he would like to agree with the detective, or is answering the detective like he had asked a question. Once more, this shows that Billy is under the influence of the detective, suggesting that the disabled are under the influence of the abled, in this case, mentally.

The lighting used to portray Billy is dark, whereas the detective is under a light. Darkness in lighting is usually used to portray untrustworthiness or even evil, and being shown in light lighting is usually due to the character being good. This difference in lighting could be interpreted as deliberate to show the detective as higher up and more reliable than Billy, who is being shown as quite unreliable during this interrogation.

Billy's father speaks to the detective over the top of Billy to confirm what time he went home, showing that Billy was incapable of giving an accurate description. This again enforces the idea that the disabled are in need of assistance regularly from those with abled bodies. The fact that his dad just speaks directly over his head with no effort, as if he is used to speaking over his son also suggests that he thinks himself above Billy.

A low angle of the detective is repeated to the audience many times to suggest that he is more important than Billy, or of a higher status at least. Whether this is due to his age, or the fact he does not have any disabilities is unknown, but this angle has evidently been shot deliberately to show higher status in the room.

However, as Billy starts taking an aggressive tone, and the detective begins taking a patient tone, it is evident that the tables have turned and Billy has taken control of the situation through means of his disability. This could then be interpreted to suggest that those with disabilities can manipulate situations by using their own disability to their advantage, for he is shouting at the detective without being reprimanded.

How I Consume/Produce Films

Like most people, I enjoy going out for the evening, and in my opinion, one of the best ways to spend such an evening is by going to the cinema. However, quite often I find that the film choices available at most times during the year are not to my taste. I am fussy when it comes to choosing what film I will see, for I only tend to go for sci-fi or fantasy, and the best films of those genre come out only a few times a year. Therefore, I rarely go to the cinema (3 or 4 times a year), due to my fussiness relating to what genre the film is, and when I do go, it would be with someone else who would be willing to go, such as a friend or a family member, for I do not like going to the cinema on my own. Luckily, the cinema is not the only way to see films any more, unlike around 50 years ago, so I am able to have access to satellite and cable TV, of which often show films on their many film channels, such as FILM 4 or Sky Movies as well as the main channels, such as British Broadcasting Company (BBC), the Independent Television company (ITV) and Channel 4.

There is also another advantage to the film industry in modern society, which is that if I am unable to catch a film in the cinema, I can buy it on DVD in a few months later, and play it on my DVD player that I have at home. I do not, however, own a blu-ray player, so I am unable to see films that are released on blu-ray before they are released on DVD, or films that are exclusive to blu-ray. Many people also use hard-disc recorders to their advantage, by simply recording a film on their TV that they would like to either watch again, or watch at a later time to when it is being shown live on the channel. I do not own such a device, however, so I usually have to make sure that I am not busy before I plan to watch a movie on a TV channel.

The internet is another popular way to access films, and well-known companies such as Netfilx or LoveFilm, of which provide a number of films, old or new, benefit hugely from this popularity. Luckily, I have access to the internet via my laptop, and via the video game console, the Nintendo Wii, in which I also have access to Netflix. YouTube is the most used video website on the internet, and the majority of videos uploaded to it aren't even professional videos. They can range from being homemade videos to being videos that go viral. This website is also a place in which music videos are uploaded by famous music artists with the intent to become well known, and therefore more likely to be purchased. I myself have uploaded home made film videos to YouTube when I was younger, using a camcorder to video it. Nowadays, I would be more likely to film something on my camera phone, and upload it to other social media sites, such as Facebook or Twitter. I would do this so I could gain the opinion of friends and family on my video.

An interesting fact is that 7 in 10 people in Britain own a smartphone, which can be used to view films on via, again, internet access, or you can download them or transfer them from a computer/laptop to the phone. The availability of internet on smartphones also allows people to book tickets for the cinema in advance, which has allowed a new form of film consumption to come into effect. Around 40% of the world has access to internet, and therefore can get information and more on the films they may plan to see in the future, as well as information on films that have already been released. Also, sites such as eBay or Amazon allow people to buy a large variety of DVD's, blu-rays or videos without having to even leave their house, for it can be posted to them directly once they have been paid for.

To conclude, there are many ways in which people can gain access to films, especially in comparison to around half a century ago, when the only way you could see a film was to watch it in the theatre, so I (as a film lover) feel very privileged to have such access, even if I do not own all the modern forms of accessibility to film.

Representation of Class and Status - Downton Abbey

There are many ways in which class and status are represented to the audience in the Downton Abbey clip. The first noticeable representation is the use of music to show the differences between upper and working class people. The music begins as quite dramatic and fast in the very first scene, as the paper boy is cycling up to the house, however, when the woman in the bedroom is shown, the music softens and slows down slightly, to show that her life is more calm, whereas his life is quite busy and work-inducing.

This soft music continues, until the upper class woman reaches over to ring the bell. The fact that a simple bell has been used, and the resultant reaction of this bell ringing from downstairs, shows that a simple movement from an upper class person can cause chaos for working class people. When the working class are shown, the music speeds up and once again, becomes dramatic. This, as well as the shakiness of the camera, shows that the working class are rushing to meet to the expectations of the upper class.

However, even among the working class, there are people with higher status than the other. A man is shown ironing a newspaper, with a man (wearing a significantly more mature and smarter suit than him) telling him what newspaper he should iron first, even if it was all for the sake of the upper class man. Another example of people within the working class with different status is when the paper boy is not on time, and the older man, who evidently works in Downton Abbey, reprimands him for his lateness.

This is also shown within the upper class family. The women of the family hesitate to look up at the man of the family (obviously the one with the most power and significance, as shown by a variety of low camera angles), when he receives a telegram. This is because they do not want to interfere with his business, for fear of being reprimanded. They also stand either side of him to show this inferiority.

When the upper class man is first shown, a low angle is shown of him walking down a staircase. This low angle was used to portray his authority and status within the home. The music during this scene was also very soothing and calm, which contrasts, yet again, to the chaotic music playing during the scene in which the working class people are rushing around under the instruction of the upper class residents. The working class man with high status is at the bottom of the stairs, waiting for him, and greets him politely. These signs of respect allow the audience to see who is the person with more authority in the situation.

The use of dialogue within the scenes also manages to convey the opinions of both classes, and how they feel about each other. In a conversation with the working class man with high status about the sinking of the Titanic, the upper class man asks what happened to the passengers. The working class man replies, stating that some of them were saved, particularly the women. The upper class man responds, in what could be described as a regrettable tone "You mean the ladies in first class?", to which the working class man doesn't reply, but looks quite sad. The upper class man says "God help the poor devils below deck". This small piece of dialogue allows the audience to understand that the upper class in this television show do feel sorry for the working class, and how they are treated in society somewhat.

This is shown again when the woman in bed has received the news about the Titanic deaths, and the servant woman from the kitchens is keeping very silent, and trying very hard to not interfere with their conversation. The woman in bed actually stops talking to the man to acknowledge the fact that she is thankful towards this member of the working class, which could be linked to the idea that the upper class are actually appreciative of the working class, and do not like to completely ignore their existence.

Representation of Age - Waterloo Road

From the extract I have watched, I can see that age is quite a diverse thing in this television show, due to the variety of people that feature in it that are all different age groups. The setting of the clip allowed me to see both the century this clip will be taking place in, and the regional identity, which is obvious because the clip is set in a secondary school. Due to it being set in this environment, it is evident that the majority of people that featured in the clip were of the age between 11 and 16.

An example of a prop that was included is the broken camera, which can be seen as a stereotype of teenagers to be clumsy and thus, break things. If there is one thing within the clip that revealed any differences in behaviour between the various ages, it is what each character is wearing, and how they are wearing it. For example, in the screen shot below, there are students wearing their uniform very untidily, which could link to the stereotype that teenagers, or specifically students in this case, like to rebel against any rules given to them. However, the costumes given to the actors playing the teachers are much more formal, and they look a lot more mature, which is probably what the producers intended.

As shown in the picture above, the most commonly used camera angle throughout the entire clip was the mid shot, which shows a person from their chest, up to their head. This shot tends to be used in these types of programmes to make them appear more realistic. There are, however, low and high angles evident within the clip, when the man is apparently trying to appear stereotypically 'cool'. 

This can perhaps show that he thinks he is now high up in the ranks of the teenagers now that he dresses in a similar fashion to them, The young girl is shown from a high angle to perhaps indicate that she, being younger than him, and as a result, is at a more fragile position. She constantly has to look up at his face as well, which could be seen as a sign of obedience.

There was also a tracking shot, or panning shot, used at the beginning of the clip, following a teacher's shoes walking. This is to show that the boys do not know he is there, and that he is being discreet about approaching them. This also shows power through an elder person, for the boys would actually be scared or nervous at the prospect of him catching them, which shows that he has at least some power and influence over them.

The non-diegetic sound within the clip was the music that played as the girl approached the boy in a menacing fashion. This was used to show that she was angry, because the actual music itself sounded quite angry. The fact that the music sounded quite boisterous and angry could relate to the stereotype of teenagers being grumpy and angry all the time. This music then continued on when the girl was shouting at the boy, and blocking his path, resulting in him having an asthma attack. This is clever use of soundtrack, because as the boy started coughing, the music took a slight dramatic turn. However, due to the soundtrack being non-diegetic, she was not aware of the scene turning more dramatic, yet the audience was. This is how the television show connects with the audience. 

The way the boy speaks is in a manner that makes the audience feel sympathy for him, because from his voice it is evident that he is very sorry for what he had done to upset this girl. This shows that, although they are the same age, he is apparently (from what we can see in the clip) more intelligent than her, and more mature. A lot of ambient sound is evident in this clip as well, such as the many people talking in the corridors, or footsteps, (though it is actually possible that these sound effects were made during the filming of the programme, and not put through, in the post-production editing).

Analysis of Sound

Dialogue: Speech, but depending on gender, sexuality, race, etc, it sounds different. Speech pattern, volume, pitch, levels.

Soundtrack: Sets the mood, sets the era, sets the regional identity, time of year.

Diegetic and Non-Diegetic: Diegetic sound is what the actors can hear. Non-Diegetic is what actors cannot hear (soundtrack, for example).

Synchronous and Asynchronous: Synchronous is when the sound source is on screen. Asynchronous is when the sound source is not on screen.

Ambient Sound: Background noise.

Sound Effects: Leads us to the expression foley sound, in the sound department (footstep sounds, rain, typing on keyboards).

Analysis of Mise-En-Scene

Setting: The setting is giving information about genre, time scale (past, modern, future), regional information, whether it is rural or urban, the wealth of the characters.

Props: Props, short for properties, give some clues about something. For example, a character could be holding a gun, and you'd know that they intended to shoot someone. Nothing is there by accident, it has been placed there specifically.

Lighting: High-key lighting is very soft, could be described as feminine or shadowy. This is often used in conjunction with light skinned people with light hair, or light clothing. Soft, romantic. Low key lighting can be described as dark, aggressive, masculine, mysterious, threatening.

Costume: Costume can reveal era, genre, time scale (past, modern, future), occupation of the characters, the wealth of the characters. Costume can also reveal sexuality.

Analysis of Camera Work

Camera Shots:

Establishing Shot: This shot establishes where or when the film is set. It is often the first shot seen in a TV programme.

Helicopter Shot: A shot the surroundings, from a helicopter. Usually an action or horror film with high production value, due to the expense in which it takes to hire a helicopter.

The Master Shot: Establishes the limit of the action in the scene.

Long Shot: This shot shows a person from head to foot in order to show Their appearance is taken into account, and shows them in relationship to their environment.

Medium Shot: A shot from the waist up, often used when there is more than one person in a shot.

Close-Up: A close-up can show a face in order to portray reaction, emotion or detail.

Extreme Close-Up: Shows the action of a person, such as pulling a trigger. Brings the audience's attention to something in particular.

Camera Movement:

Panning: The movement of a camera in one swift movement to show information regarding to, quite often, location, people, or objects such as cars.

Tilt: A tilt is essentially the same as a panning shot, except the tilt goes up and down (horizontally). It is used to show what someone looks like, typically to scan the body of an attractive female. Occasionally a tilt is shown of an attractive man, but not quite as often.

Dolly Shot: The camera angle is put on wheels and moved smoothly along. It is often on a dolly track, showing the audience something outside the frame.

Steady Cam: The camera is balanced instead of being put on a track.

Camera Angles:

High Angle: Makes a character seem vulnerable and weaker.

Low Angle: Makes the character appear more powerful and stronger. Good for point of view shots and  to keep on a child/pets eye level.

Counted Angled: This angle is not straight, and it will be on the diagonal.

Doctor Who - Representation of Gender

The scene opens with a close-up of The Master, but with Martha visible in the background, with two male soldiers. From this one shot alone, we can see The Master is wearing a formal suit, to show his superiority, and he also looks very neat and clean. The soldiers in the background are wearing typical soldier uniforms, holding guns, and Martha also appears to be in soldier-like uniform, but is not holding a gun. Also, all of the soldiers in the room appear to be male, which can be linked to the typical gender roles of society, that being a soldier is a male occupation. The Master then turns around.

In the immediate next shot, (which could be described as an establishing shot due to the large amount of setting shown) he is now revealed to be on the same level as his wife, who is dressed in evocative clothing, clearly for his own entertainment, as if she is there personally to entertain him. This is the first major representation of gender in this clip, for we can see what his and her clothing is used for and what it is supposed to represent.

The Master's wife also appears to always be holding onto the rails, as if she is unable to keep herself supported on her own. The center of the room is practically empty, so as to make Martha look totally independent and on her own in this situation. Also, the colours used in the setting of the clip are blue and pink, which could be linked to the stereotypical colours of men and women.

Music is already playing with a slight western-feel to it, to indicate a stand off. The fact that this type of music is playing allows us to be reminded that The Master is very much evidently the one in power here, whereas Martha is very vulnerable here, which can be linked to the gender stereotype of how men are in more power than women.

When Martha is asked to give over her teleportation device, she reaches down in her pocket to get it, and the camera follows her using the tilt movement (panning up and down).

 As for how the speech is used in this clip, The Master is generally much louder than Martha throughout, until she tells him about her plan. This is when she begins to speak much louder than she had been before, and the music also begins to turn more triumphant instead of having quite a tense-feel towards it.

The camera angles used between Martha and The Master are also very noticeable. The Master, as the higher male, is shown from a low angle to show how much authority he has over the people (specifically the women) below him.

Whenever Martha is shown, the camera angle is either equal to, or above her in a high angle shot, so it is evident that the editors tried to make it look as if Martha was having to constantly look up at The Master to show her obeying. The camera also pans down as she kneels down, so as to show that we're on the same level as her, which is below that of The Master. Also, the Doctor, even though he is old in this scene, is shown from a low or equal camera angle, perhaps indicating that even at this stage of his life, he is higher up in importance in comparison to Martha.

When the Master's screwdriver is thrown from his grip, an extreme close up shot of it sliding across the floor far away from him is shown. This is to show how helpless The Master is now that The Doctor is back to his usual self. 

To conclude, the difference between men and women in this clip is evident, even with Martha standing up to The Master, due to the types of camera angles, costumes, setting, lighting, speech and music used. It has been done specifically in this way to portray what kind of a character The Master is, and how he treats those who he believes to be below him (women).

Greek Yoghurt Advert Analysis

This advert is able to construct the representation of regional identity through the use of music, lighting, language, and historical context. In this post I will be talking about each of these, and how they contributed towards the overall idea of the advert to trick the audience.

To begin, the music in the advert is very old-fashioned and greek-style, already (so we think) giving us a hint as to where and when the advert is set. That, the use of a slightly grain-like screen created during the editing of this advert, and the way in which the boy is dressed all contribute towards what the advert could be trying to portray.

The lighting and scenery is also immediately shown within the first few shots, which informs us that the advertisement is not taking place in urban surroundings. Also, quite a dull grey day is shown before the boy sees a cow, and gets the idea to let it out, in order to return it and receive an award. We can see that he is happy with the idea because the day brightens as he runs through the town.

Much of the scenery is made to look quite old fashioned, which the audience believes up until the final moment of the advert, where the mother of the boy answers her mobile phone. This twist in the advert is surprising to most people that watch it because of the lighting, language, scenery and music being very old fashioned, so in my opinion, the production and editing of the advertisement was very successful in it's overall aim.

The slogan of the advert 'Unchanged Since 1926' was then revealed, allowing the audience to understand what the purpose of the advert was, and what message it was trying to convey. Also, the yoghurt is shown in a pot, which is another contrast involved, for the mother allegedly made the yoghurt from the cow's milk.